West Nile Virus - Bibliography of Scientific Literature

This Bibliography of Scientific Literature is a fully searchable compilation of annotated references about the occurrence, prevention and control of West Nile Virus, and more generally about factors affecting arbovirus ecology and control. Click on the "Search & View Options" button to choose how you want the Bibliography to be displayed (e.g., show or hide abstracts, sort by publication date or author name, etc.). Note that the full bibliography with abstracts is a large file, so you may want to use the Search Tool to limit the number of references displayed before choosing to display abstracts. Many citations are hyperlinked to full text articles [More re: access to full text]

Please send suggestions for additions to the Bibliography by email to <envrisk@cornell.edu>. If possible, include a link to the article on the web, or attach a full text file that can be posted to the web.

This Bibliography is one of a series of Environmental Risk Analysis Program (ERAP) resources about West Nile Virus, all of which can be accessed from the Navigation Bar on the right side of this webpage (or from http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/).

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. 2005. . Emerging Infectious Disease 11 (11). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no11/04-0933.htm
Abdel Wahab, K S E , L Bassyouni, S A Abdel Mawgoud, S Gharib, F M Omar and R E Quaramany. 1970. Antibodies to Arboviruses in Rodent Sera. Journal Egypt Pub Health Association 45 (4): 370-375.
Abdel-Rahman, A, A Shetty and M Abou-Donia. Nov 2001. Subchronic Dermal Application of N,N-Diethyl m-Toluamide (DEET) and Permethrin to Adult Rats, Alone or in Combination, Causes Diffuse Neuronal Cell Death and Cytoskeletal Abnormalities in the Cerebral Cortex and the Hippocampus, and Purkinje Neuron Loss in the Cerebellum. Experimental Neurology 172: 153-171. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/Abdel-Rahman2001.pdf
Acha, P N and B Szyfres. 1987. West Nile Fever. In P. N. Acha and B. Szyfres ed. Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication 503. 525-528.
Adams, David R, Bryan E Anderson and Christie T. Ammirati. Nov 21, 2002. Insect Repellents and Mosquito Bites [Correspondence 3]. New England Journal of Medicine 347: 1719-1721.
Ahern, Mike , R Sari Kovats, Paul Wilkinson, Roger Few and Franziska Matthies. 2005. Global Health Impacts of Floods: Epidemiologic Evidence. Epidemiol. Rev. 27 (1): 36-46. http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org//cgi/content/extract/27/1/36?ct
Ahmed, S, R Libman, K Wesson, F Ahmed and K Einberg. 2000. Guillain-Barre Syndrome: An Unusual Presentation of West Nile Virus Infection. Neurology 55 (1): 144-146.
Alexander, J J, A S Lasky and W D Graf. July 1 2006. Stroke Associated with Central Nervous System Vasculitis after West Nile Virus Infection. J Child Neurol 21 (7): 623. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;16970859
All the Virology on the WWW. June 2005. Jun 2005: http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/garryfavweb.html
Allison, A B, N L Gottdenker and D E Stallknecht. June 1 2005. Wintering of Neurotropic Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus and West Nile Virus in Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from the Florida Keys. Avian Diseases 49 (2): 292-297. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;16094838
Allison, Andrew B, Daniel G Mead, Samantha E J Gibbs, Douglas M Hoffman and David E Stallknecht. Dec 2004. West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons [Dispatch]. Emerging Infectious Disease 10 (12): 2252-2255. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no12/04-0511.htm
Alshekhlee, Amer , Badr Sultan and Krishan Chandar. 2006. Opsoclonus Persisting During Sleep in West Nile Encephalitis. Archives of Neurology 63: 1324-1326. http://archneur.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/63/9/1324?ct=ct
Alto, Barry W and Steven A Juliano. 2001. Temperature Effects on the Dynamics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in the Laboratory. Journal of Medical Entomology 38 (4): 548-556. http://www.bioone.org/pdfserv/i0022-2585-038-04-0548.pdf
Anderson, John F , Andrew J Main, Theodore G Andreadis, Stephen K Wikel and Charles R Vossbrinck. 2003. Transstadial Transfer of West Nile Virus by Three Species of Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 40 (4): 528-533. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/Anderson-JME03.pdf
Anderson, John F, Charles R Vossbrinck, Theodore G Andreadis, Anthony Iton, William H Beckwith III and Donald R May. 2001. A Phylogenetic Approach to Following West Nile Virus in Connecticut. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/241472398v1
Anderson, John F and James J Rahal. 2002. Efficacy of Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin against West Nile Virus In Vitro (letter). Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (1): 107-108. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no1/01-0252.htm
Anderson, John F, Theodore G Andreadis, Andrew J Main and Daniel L Kline. 2004. Prevalence of West Nile Virus in Tree Canopy-Inhabiting Culex pipiens and Associated Mosquitoes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71 (1): 112-119. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/Anderson-TropMed04.pdf
Anderson, John F, Theodore G Andreadis, Charles R Vossbrinck, Shirley Tirrell, Edward M Wakem, Richard A French, Antonio E Garmendia and Herbert J Van Kruiningen. December 17, 1999. Isolation of West Nile Virus from Mosquitoes, Crows and a Cooper's Hawk in Connecticut. Science 286: 2331-2333. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/286/5448/2331
Anderson, Justin R, Jennifer R Schneider, Paul R Grimstad and David W Severson. 2005. Quantitative Genetics of Vector Competence for La Crosse Virus and Body Size in Ochlerotatus hendersoni and Ochlerotatus triseriatus Interspecific Hybrids. Genetics 169 (3): 1529-1539. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/169/3/1529?ct
Anderson, R C, K B Horn, M P Hoang, E Gottlieb and B Bennin. Nov 2004. Punctate Exanthem of West Nile Virus Infection: Report of 3 Cases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 51 (5): 820-823. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=15523368&dopt=Abstract
Andis, M D, S R Sackett, M K Carroll and E S Bordes. 1987. Strategies for the Emergency Control of Arboviral Epidemics in New Orleans. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 2: 125-50.
Andreadis, Theodore G, James J Becnel and Susan E White. 2003. Infectivity and Pathogenicity of a Novel Baculovirus, CuniNPV from Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Thirteen Species and Four Genera of Mosquitoes. Journal of Medical Entomology 40 (4): 512-517. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/Andreadis-JME03.pdf
Andreadis, Theodore G, John F Anderson, Charles R Vossbrinck and Andrew J Main. 2004. Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Connecticut: A Five-Year Analysis of Mosquito Data 1999–2003. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 4 (4): 360-378. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/Andreadis-VBZD04.pdf
Andreadis, Theodore G, John F Anderson and Charles R Vossbrinck. July-August 2001. Mosquito Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, 2000: Isolation from Culex pipiens, Cx. restuans, Cx. salinarius, and Culiseta melanura. Emerging Infectious Disease 7 (4): 670-674. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no4/andreadis.htm
Apperson, C S, B A Harrison, T R Unnasch, H K Hassan, W S Irby, H M Savage, S E Aspen, D W Watson, L M Rueda, B R Engber and R S Nasci. Sept 2002. Host-feeding Habits of Culex and Other Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Borough of Queens in New York City, with Characters and Techniques for Identification of Culex Mosquitoes. Journal of Medical Entomology 39 (5): 777-785.
Apperson, Charles S, Hassan K Hassan, Bruce A Harrison, Harry M Savage, Stephen E Aspen, Ary Farajollahi, Wayne Crans, Thomas J Daniels, Richard C Falco, Mark Benedict, Michael Anderson, Larry McMillen and Thomas R Unnasch. Mar 2004. Host Feeding Patterns of Established and Potential Mosquito Vectors of West Nile Virus in the Eastern United States. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 4 (1): 71-82. http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089%2F153036604773083013?cookieSet=1
Aquino, Michael , Murray Fyfe, Laura MacDougall and Valencia Remple. August 2004. Protective Behavior Survey, West Nile Virus, British Columbia [Dispatch]. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10 (8): 1499-1501. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no8/03-1053.htm
Aronov, P A, K Dettmer, J A Christiansen, A J Cornel and B D Hammock. May 4 2005. Development of a HPLC/Tandem-MS Method for the Analysis of the Larvicides Methoprene, Hydroprene, and Kinoprene at Trace Levels Using Diels-Alder Derivatization. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 53 (9): 3306-3312. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15853364
Asnis, D S, R Conetta, A A Teixiera et al. 2000. The West Nile Virus Outbreak of 1999 in New York: The Flushing Hospital Experience. Clinic of Infectious Disease 30: 413.
Asnis, D, R Conetta, G Waldmon et al. October 1, 1999. Outbreak of West Nile-like Viral Encephalitis: New York,1999. MMWR Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48 (38): 845-849. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/
Autorino, Gian Luca, Antonio Battisti, Vincent Deubel, Giancarlo Ferrari, Riccardo Forletta, Armando Giovannini, Rossella Lelli, Severine Murri and Maria Teresa Scicluna. 2002. West Nile Virus Epidemic in Horses, Tuscany Region, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (12): 1372-1378. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no12/02-0234.htm
Averett, Ellen, John S Neuberger, Gail Hansen and Michael H Fox. 2005. Evaluation of West Nile Virus Education Campaign [Dispatch]. Emerging Infectious Disease 11 (11). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no11/05-0363.htm
BCERF, (Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors Program, Cornell University). Undated. Bibliography on Pyrethroids and Permethrins. http://envirocancer.cornell.edu/Bibliography/Pesticide/bib.pyrethroid.cfm
Bahnck, Carolyn M and Dina M Fonseca. 2006. Rapid Assay To Identify The Two Genetic Forms Of Culex (Culex) pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and Hybrid Populations. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75 (2): 251-255. http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/75/2/251?ct=ct
Bai, F, T Wang, U Pal, F Bao, L H Gould and E Fikrig. 1 Apr 2005. Use of RNA Interference to Prevent Lethal Murine West Nile Virus Infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 191 (7): 1148. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15747251
Baker, Robert , Wayne Shelton and Martin Strosberg. September 2004. Ethics and Epidemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10 (9). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no9/04-0407.htm
http://www.bioethics.union.edu [Conference Program (click on News)]
Bakonyi, Tam�s , Zdenek Hub�lek, Ivo Rudolf and Norbert Nowotny. Feb 2005. Novel Flavivirus or New Lineage of West Nile Virus, Central Europe. Emerging Infectious Disease 11 (2). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no02/04-1028.htm
Bakonyi, Tam�s , �va Ivanics, K�roly Erd�lyi, Krisztina Ursu, EmŒke Ferenczi, Herbert Weissenb�ck and Norbert Nowotny. April 2006. Lineage 1 and 2 Strains of Encephalitic West Nile Virus, Central Europe. Emerging Infectious Disease 12 (4). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no04/05-1379.htm
Balbus, John M and Mark L Wilson. December 2000. Human Health and Global Climate Change: A Review of Potential Impacts In the United States. Pew Center on Global Climate Change. http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/all_reports/human_health/index.cfm
Banet-Noach, Caroline , Adi Y Gantz, Avishai Lublin and Mertyn Malkinson. March 2004. A Twelve-Month Study of West Nile Virus Antibodies in a Resident and a Migrant Species of Kestrels in Israel. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 4 (1): 15-22. http://www.liebertonline.com/
Baqar, S, C G Hayes, J R Murphy and D M Watts. 1993. Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex and Aedes Species Mosquitoes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 48: 757-762.
Barnard, B J and S F Voges. 1986. Flaviviruses in South Africa: Pathogenic for Sheep. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 53: 234-238.
Barnard, D R and R D Xue. July 2004. Laboratory Evaluation of Mosquito Repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 41 (4): 726-730.
Barnes, Robin K, A. E. McElroy, B. J. Brownawell, J. P. Ruggieri, R. Cerrato and S. A. Terracciano. Mar 17 2005. A Field and Laboratory Assessment of Lethal and Non-Lethal Effects of Pesticides Used in Mosquito Control in Suffolk County on Estuarine Shrimp. www.vims.edu/bem2005/docs/Abstracts-3-17-05.pdf [p14]
Barrett, A. 2001. Current Status of Flavivirus Vaccines. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 951: 262-271. http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/full/951/1/262
Batalis, Nick I , Luis Galup, Sherif R Zaki and Joseph A Prahlow. Jun 1 2005. West Nile Virus Encephalitis. American Journal of Forensic Medical Pathology 26 (2): 192. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15894859
Bates, Marston. 1949. The Natural History of Mosquitoes. New York: Macmillan Publishing. 379 pages.
Batieha, Anwar, Elias K Saliba, Ross Graham, Emad Mohareb, Younis Hijazi and Pandu Wijeyaratne. 2000. Seroprevalence of West Nile, Rift Valley and Sandfly Arboviruses in Hashimiah, Jordan. Emerging Infectious Diseases 6 (4 July-August 2000): [Online Serial]. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no4/batieha.htm
Batsis, John A and Michael P Phy. 23 Apr 2005. West Nile Virus Meningitis in a Chronic Immunosuppressed Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15856365
Bayer Environmental Science. 2003. America's Mosquito Adulticide: Scourge �. unpaged booklet.
Beasley, D, L Li, M Suderman and A Barrett. 2002. Mouse Neuroinvasive Phenotype of West Nile Virus Strains Varies Depending upon Virus Genotype. Virology 296 (1): 17-23.
Beasley, David W C, C Todd Davis, Jose Estrada-Franco, Roberto Navarro-Lopez, Arturo Campomanes-Cortes, Robert B Tesh, Scott C Weaver and Alan D T Barrett. Dec 2004. Genome Sequence and Attenuating Mutations in West Nile Virus Isolate from Mexico [Dispatch]. Emerging Infectious Disease 10 (12): 2150-2155. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no12/04-0647.htm
Beck, Louisa R, Bradley M Lobitz and Byron L Wood. March-April 2000. Remote Sensing and Human Health. Emerging Infectious Diseases 6 (3). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no3/beck.htm
Bell, Jeffrey A, Christina M Brewer, Nathan J Mickelson, Gabriel W Garman and Jefferson A Vaughan. August 2006. West Nile Virus Epizootiology, Central Red River Valley, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2002–2005 [Dispatch]. Emerging Infectious Disease 12 (8). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no08/06-0129.htm
Bellamy, R E and W C Reeves. 1963. The Winter Biology of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kern County, California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56: 314-323.
Belson, Martin G , Joshua G Schier and Manish M Patel. January 14, 2005. Case Definitions for Chemical Poisoning. MMWR Recommendations and Reports 54 (RR01): US EPA Office of Prevention Pesticides and Toxic Substances. 1-24. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5401a1.htm
Ben-Nathan, D, I Huitinga, S Lustig et al. 1996. West Nile Virus Neuroinvasion and Encephalitis Induced by Macrophage Depletion in Mice. Arch. Virology 141: 459.
Bennett, S G, J A Gruwell, , C L Fogarty, T J Smith , J S Dean, A Reinig, V Saylor and J P Webb, Jr. 1993. Evalutation of Mosquito and Arbovirus Actvity in Orange County [California] during 1992. Proceedings of the California Mosquito Vector Control Association 61: 16-23.
Berkowitz, Gertrud S, Josephine Obel, Elena Deych, Robert Lapinski, James Godbold, Zhisong Liu, Philip J Landrigan and Mary S Wolff. 2003. Exposure to Indoor Pesticides during Pregnancy in a Multiethnic, Urban Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (1): 79-84.
Bernard, Kristen A, Joseph G Maffei, Susan A Jones, Elizabeth B Kauffman, Gregory D Ebel, Alan P Dupuis II, Kiet A Ngo, David C Nicholas, Donna M Young, Pei-Yong Shi, Varuni L Kulasekera, Millicent Eidson , Dennis J White and Ward B Stone. 2001. West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mosquitoes, New York State, 2000. Emerging Infectious Disease 7 (4). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no4/bernard.htm
Bertelsen, Mads Frost , Rolf-Arne �lberg, Graham J Crawshaw, Antonia Dibernardo, L Robbin Lindsay, Michael Drebot and Ian K Barker. 2004. West Nile Virus Infection in the Eastern Loggerhead Shrike ( Lanius ludovicianus migrans): Pathology, Epidemiology, and Immunization. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40 (3): 538–542. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/Bertelsen-JWD04.pdf [84 KB]
Berthet, FX , FIG Zeller, MT Drouet, J Rauzier, JP Digoutte and V Deubel. 1997. Extensive Nucleotide Changes and Deletions within the Envelope Glycoprotein Gene of Euro-African West Nile Viruses. I General Virology 78: 2293-2297.
Beveroth, Tara A, Michael P Ward, Richard L Lampman, Adam M Ringia and Robert J Novak. 2006. Changes in Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus Across Illinois in Free-Ranging Birds from 2001 through 2004. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74 (1): 174-179. http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/74/1/174?ct
Bhangoo, Sandeep , Rowena Chua, Chris Hammond, Zebadiah Kimmel, Irene Semenov, Aleksandar Videnovic, John Kessler and Mark Borsody. Jun 13 2005. Focal Neurological Injury Caused by West Nile Virus Infection May Occur Independent of Patient Age and Premorbid Health. Journal of Neurological Science. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15958267
Bhuvanakantham, R and M L Ng. April 1 2005. Analysis of Self-association of West Nile Virus Capsid Protein and the Crucial Role Played by Trp 69 in Homodimerization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 329 (1): 246-255. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15721300
Blackmore, C G, L M Stark, W C Jeter, R L Oliveri, R G Brooks, L A Conti and S T Wiersma. 2003. Surveillance Results from the First West Nile Virus Transmission Season in Florida, 2001.. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 69 (2): 141-150.
Blitvich, B J, I Fernandez-Salas, J F Contreras-Cordero, N L Marlenee, J I Gonzalez-Rojas, N Komar, DJ Gubler, C H Calisher and B J Beaty. July 2003. Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses, Coahuila State, Mexico. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9 (7). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no7/03-0166.htm
Bloomquist, Jeffery R. 1996. Insecticides: Chemistries and Characteristics. E.B. Radcliffe and W.D. Hutchinson ed. Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook. St. Paul: University of Minnesota. http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/bloomq.htm
Bloomquist, Jeffery R. 1996. Ion channels as Targets for Insecticides. Annual Reviews Entomology 41: 163-90.
Bloomquist, Jeffery R. 1993. Neuroreceptor Mechanisms in Pyrethroid Mode of Action and Resistance. Reviews in Pesticide Toxicology 2: 185-226.
Blower, S M and A R McLean. 1991. Mixing Ecology and Epidemiology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 245: 187-192.
Bofill, Domingo , Cristina Domingo, Neus Carde�osa, Joan Zaragoza, Fernando de Ory, Sofia Minguell, Mar�a Paz S�nchez-Seco, Angela Dom�nguez and Antonio Tenorio. July 2006. Human West Nile Virus Infection, Catalonia, Spain [Letter]. Emerging Infectious Disease 12 (7). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no07/06-0164.htm
Bonter, David and Wesley M Hochachka. Spring 2003. Taking Count in the Wake of West Nile Virus. Birdscope 17 (2): Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 1,14-15. http://environmentalrisk.cornell.edu/WNV/WNVEducDocs/BirdScope-Spring2003.pdf
http://birds.cornell.edu/
Bowen, E T W , D I H Simpson, G S Platt, H Way, W F Bright, J Day and S Achapa. 1973. Large Scale Irrigation and Arbovirus Epidemiology, Kano Plain, Kenya. II Preliminary Serological Survey. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 67 (5): 702-709.
Boxmeyer, Chris E and Susan Palchick. 1999. Distribution of Resting Female Aedes vexans (Meigen) in Wooded and Nonwooded areas of Metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Journal Article Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 15 (2): 128-32.
Bradford, C A, M A Nascarella, T H Burns, J R Montford, E J Marsland, C B Pepper and S M Presley. Mar 1 2005. First Report of West Nile Virus in Mosquitoes from Lubbock County, Texas. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 21 (1): 102. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15825772
Bragin-Sanchez, D and P P Chang. May 1 2005. West Nile Virus Encephalitis Infection in a Heart Transplant Recipient: a Case Report. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplant 24 (5): 621. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;15896763
Brault, Aaron C , Stanley A Langevin, Richard A Bowen, Nicholas A Panella, Brad J Biggerstaff, Barry R Miller and Nicholas Komar. Dec 2004. Differential Virulence of West Nile Strains for American Crows. Emerging Infectious Disease 10 (12): 2161-2168. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no12/04-0486.htm
Braverman, Yehuda, Mary C Wegis and Bradley A Mullens. 2000. Response of Culicoides sonerensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to 1-Octen-3-ol and Three Plant-Derived Repellent Formulations in the Field. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 16 (2): 158-163.
Briese, Thomas and Kristen A Bernard. 1 Oct 2005. West Nile Virus-an Old Virus Learning New Tricks?. Journal of Neurovirology 11 (5): 469-475. http://highwire.stanford.edu/cgi/medline/pmid;16287688
Briese, Thomas, Andrew Rambaut, Melissa Pathmajeyan, Jihad Bishara, Miriam Weinberger, Silvio Pitlik and W Ian Lipkin. May 2002. Phylogenetic Analysis of a Human Isolate from the 2000 Israel West Nile Virus Epidemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (5). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no5/01-0324.htm
Briese, Thomas, Xi-Yu Jia, Cinnia Huang, Leo J Grady and W Ian Lipkin. Oct 9, 1999. Identification of a Kunjin/West Nile-like Flavivirus in Brains of Patients with New York Encephalitis. The Lancet 354 (9186): London. 1261-1262. http://www.thelancet.com/
Brogdon, William G and Janet C McAllister. 1998. Insecticide Resistance and Vector Control. Emerging Infectious Diseases 4 (4 October-December): 605-613.
Brown, J S. 2001. A Novel Mechanism to Explain Protein Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Based on the Flavivirus Resistance Gene. Molecular Psychiatry 6 (6): 701-711.
Brown, Michael D, Darran Thomas and Brian H Kay. 1998. Acute Toxicity of Selected Pesticides to the Pacific Blue-eyed, Pseudomugil signifer (Pisces). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 14 (4): 463-466.
Brownstone, George. Nov 21, 2002. Insect Repellents and Mosquito Bites [Correspondence 5]. New England Journal of Medicine 347: 1719-1721.
Buckley, Alan , Alistair Dawson and Ernest A Gould. September 4 2006. Detection of Seroconversion to West Nile Virus, Usutu Virus and Sindbis Virus in UK Sentinel Chickens. Virology 31: 71. http://www.virologyj.com/content/3/1/71
Buckley, Alan , Alistair Dawson, Stephen R Moss, Shelley A Hinsley, Paul E Bellamy and Ernest A Gould. October 2003. Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus, Usutu Virus and Sindbis Virus Infection of Birds in the UK. Journal of General Virology 84: 2807–2817. http://www.virologyj.com/content/3/1/71
Bunde, Jennifer M, Edward J Heske, Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla, Joyce E Hofmann and Robert J Novak. 2006. A Survey for West Nile Virus in Bats from Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 42 (2): 455-458. http://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/2/455?ct=ct
Bunning, Michel L, Richard A Bowen, C Bruce Cropp, Kevin G Sullivan, Brent S Davis, Nicholas Komar, Marvin S. Godsey, Dale Baker, Danielle L Hettler, Derek A Holmes, Brad J Biggerstaff and Carl J Mitchell. 2002. Experimental Infection of Horses with West Nile Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (4). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no4/01-0239.htm
Burkett, Douglas A, Won J Lee, Kwan W Lee, Heung C Kim, Hee I Lee, Jong S Lee, EH Shin, Robert A Wirtz, Hae W Cho, David M Claborn, Russel E Coleman and Terry A Klein. 2001. Light, Carbon Dioxide, and Octenol-Baited Mosquito Trap and Host-Seeking Activity Evaluations for Mosquitoes in a Malarious Area of the Republic of Korea. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 17 (3): 196-205.
Burkhalter, K L, R Lindsay, R Anderson, A Dibernardo, H White, M Drebor, W Fong and R Nasci. undated. Evaluation of Commercial Assays for Detecting West Nile Virus Antigen. Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: Response Biomedical Corporation. 4. http://www.responsebio.com/pdf/Evaluation_Commercial_Assays_WNV.pdf
Burt, F J, A A Grobbelaar, P A Leman, F S Anthony, G V F Gibson and R Swanepoel. 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Southern African West Nile Virus Isolates. Emerging Infectious Diseases. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no8/02-0027.htm
Busch, Michael P, David J Wright, Brian Custer, Leslie H Tobler, Susan L Stramer, Steven H Kleinman, Harry E Prince, Celso Bianco, Gregory Foster, Lyle R Petersen, George Nemo and Simone A Glynn. March 2006. West Nile Virus Infections Projected from Blood Donor Screening Data, United States, 2003. Emerging Infectious Disease 12 (3): 395. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no03/05-1287.htm
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