[1] United States: CDC MMWR: WNV Activity, Sept 1-7, 2004 + Cumulative
[2] United States: CDC MMWR: WNV Activity, Sept 25-31, 2004
[3] Canada: Health Canada Surveillance Data (As of Sept 8 2004)
[4] Canada: Background on Saskatchewan & Manitoba Cases; Enhanced
Donated Blood Surveillance
[5] Mexico: Human Case, Sonora (Border with Arizona)
[1]
US: CDC MMWR: WNV ACTIVITY, SEPT 1-7 2004 + CUMULATIVE
Source: CDC MMWR Weekly September 10, 2004 / 53(35);823-824 [edited]
<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5335a6.htm>
HUMAN: 138 cases were reported Sept 1-7 from 22 states (Alabama,
Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan,
Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia,
Wisconsin, and Wyoming).
HUMAN CUMULATIVE: During 2004, 37 states have reported 1,191 cases of
human WNV illness (30 fatalities) to CDC through ArboNET. Of these, 330
(28%) cases were reported from Arizona, 326 (27%) cases were reported
from California, and 195 (16%) cases were reported from Colorado.
[Other states reporting human cases each have 40 or fewer. No human
cases have been reported from Washington, Oregon, Idaho in the NW;
Maine, Massacusettes, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, in New
England; nor from Delaware, New Jersey and West Virginia in the
Mid-Atlantic. No WNV has yet been reported in Alaska or Hawaii.]
A total of 663 (57%) of the 1,163 cases for which all data were
available occurred in males; the median age of patients was 51 years
(range: 1 month--99 years). Illness onset ranged from April 23 to
August 29. [429 cases of neuroinvasive disease; 467 symptoms of WN
fever; 295 with unidentified or other symptoms]
BLOOD DONORS: 98 presumptive WN viremic blood donors (PVDs) have been
reported to ArboNET in 2004. Of these, 37 (38%) were reported from
Arizona, 20 from California, 10 from Texas, nine from New Mexico, four
each from Colorado and Georgia, three each from Florida and South
Dakota, two each from Missouri and Wisconsin, and one each from Iowa,
Louisiana, Minnesota, and Oklahoma. Of the 98 PVDs, five persons aged
35, 50, 66, 69, and 77 years subsequently had neuroinvasive illness,
and 24 persons (median age: 55 years; range: 17--75 years) subsequently
had West Nile fever.
DEAD BIRDS & MAMMALS: 3,574 dead corvids and 749 other dead birds with
WNV infection have been reported from 44 states. WNV infections have
been reported in horses from 32 states (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas,
Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada,
New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia, and
Wyoming) and in five dogs from Nevada and New Mexico. Three squirrels
with WNV infection were reported from Arizona. Three unidentified
animal species with WNV infection were reported from Illinois, Iowa,
and Nevada. WNV seroconversions have been reported in 640 sentinel
chicken flocks from 13 states (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California,
Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Nebraska, Nevada, Pennsylvania,
South Dakota, and Utah) and in four wild hatchling birds from Missouri
and Ohio. Three seropositive sentinel horses were reported from Puerto
Rico. A total of 4,657 WNV-positive mosquito pools have been reported
from 32 states.
Additional information about national WNV activity is available from
CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm and at
http://westnilemaps.usgs.gov.
[2]
US: CDC MMWR: WNV ACTIVITY, AUG 25-31, 2004
Source: CDC MMWR Weekly September 3, 2004 / 53(34);795-796 [edited]
<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5334a6.htm>
HUMAN: 210 cases were reported from 14 states (Arizona, California,
Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania).
HUMAN CUMULATIVE: During 2004, a total of 36 states have reported 1,053
cases (28 fatalities) of human WNV illness to CDC through ArboNET
(Table, Figure). Of these, 326 (31%) cases were reported from
California, 316 (30%) cases were reported from Arizona, and 141 (13%)
cases were reported from Colorado. A total of 588 (56%) of the 1,053
cases occurred in males; the median age of patients was 51 years
(range: 1 month--99 years). Illness onset ranged from April 23 to
August 24.
BLOOD DONORS: 85 presumptive West Nile viremic blood donors (PVDs)
have been reported to ArboNET in 2004. Of these, 36 (42%) were reported
from Arizona, 20 from California, eight from New Mexico, six from
Texas, three each from Florida and South Dakota, two from Colorado and
Wisconsin, and one each from Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, and
Missouri . Of the 85 PVDs, three persons aged 42, 66 and 69 years
subsequently had neuroinvasive illness, and 15 persons (median age: 55
years; range: 17--73 years) subsequently had West Nile fever.
DEAD BIRDS & MAMMALS: In 2004 3,307 dead corvids and 671 other dead
birds with WNV infection have been reported from 44 states. WNV
infections have been reported in horses from 31 states (Alabama,
Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho,
Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, West
Virginia, and Wyoming) and in five dogs from Nevada and New Mexico.
Three unidentified animal species with WNV infection were reported from
Illinois, Iowa, and Nevada. WNV seroconversions have been reported in
571 sentinel chicken flocks from 11 states (Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Nebraska, Nevada, South
Dakota, and Utah) and in two wild hatchling birds from Ohio. Three
seropositive sentinel horses were reported from Puerto Rico. A total of
4,024 WNV-positive mosquito pools have been reported from 31 states
(Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia,
Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin).
------------
[3]
CANADA: HEALTH CANADA SURVEILLANCE DATA (AS OF SEPT 8 2004)
Source: Health Canada, Surveillance Data 2004 Program
<http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/wnv-vwn/index.html>, edited from
ProMED-mail ID 20040909.2517
HUMAN: As of 3 Sep 2004, 17 confirmed cases (figures have recently been
revised): 2 in Manitoba (one neuroinvasive, one fever), 7 in Ontario
(1 neuroinvasive, 1 fever, 5 unspecified), 1 in Quebec; 7 in
Saskatchewan.
DEAD BIRDS: 361 confirmed positive (4 presumed positive) in 5
provinces of the 5752 tested from throughout Canada. Alberta, Manitoba,
Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan remain the only provinces to report
WNV-positive birds in 2004.
Province / Tested / Presumed Positive / Confirmed Positive
Newfoundland & Labrador / 81 / 0 / 0
Prince Edward Island / 99 / 0 / 0
Nova Scotia / 418 / 0 / 0
New Brunswick /450 / 0 / 0
Quebec / 749 / 3 / 83
Ontario / 1333 / 1 / 229
Manitoba / 316 / 0 / 16
Saskatchewan / 362 / 0 / 29
Alberta / 608 / 0 / 4
British Columbia / 1313 / 0 / 0
Yukon / 11 / 0 / 0
Northern Territories / 10 / 0 / 0
Nunavut / 2 / 0 / 0 /
Canada Total / 5752 /4 / 361
HORSES: 2 more presumptive equine cases have been recorded since the
last report on Wed 1 Sep 2004. The 2 new cases were reported in
Alberta
and Ontario, bringing the total of presumptive cases for all Canada to
6; 2 cases in Alberta, 3 cases in Ontario, and one case in Quebec.
MOSQUITOES: 126 mosquito pools (an increase of 15) have tested
WNV-positive: one in Alberta, 54 in Manitoba, 41in Ontario, 5 in Quebec
and 25 in Saskatchewan. These 5 are the only provinces to report
WNV-positive mosquito pools in 2004 so far.
-------------------------
[4]
CANDA: BACKGROUND ON SASKATCHEWAN & MANITOBA CASES; ENHANCED DONATED
BLOOD SURVEILLANCE
Excerpted and edited from: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org> ID
20040826.2387
a) Saskatchewan: 5 human WNV cases have been confirmed to have
occurred in 2004. Three others have been confirmed, but may have
occurred in 2003. Dr. Ross Findlater, Saskatchewan's medical officer of
health, said it's sometimes difficult to determine whether cases are
recent or from last year, because antibodies to WNV can stay in the
body for up to 500 days. One of the 5 2004 cases was hospitalized
[implying that 4 of the 5 cases showed symptoms of WN fever, not
neuroinvasive disease] Source: Fort Frances Times, Aug 19 2004
<http://www.fftimes.com/index.php/6/2004-08-19/18022>
b) Historical comparison, Saskatchewan: The numbers of human cases
reported as of mid-Aug 2004 are significantly lower than they were at
the same time in 200 when there were between 25 and 30 positive tests
for WNV in humans. The province ended up [in 2003] with more than 900
cases and 6 deaths.
Source: Globe and Mail, Thu 19 Aug 2004 [edited]
<http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/
20040819/NATS19-2/TPNational/Briefs>
c) Manitoba: Mosquito Activity Low
A human case of WNV has been identified in Manitoba. However, mosquito
surveillance in southern Manitoba indicates that activity of _Culex
tarsalis_, the mosquito that carries WNV, decreased in all regional
health authorities during the week of Aug8-14 2004. The infection rate
of trapped mosquitoes remains low, usually less than one per 1000
mosquitoes. The risk of exposure to West Nile virus in Manitoba
increases as the number and activity of infected _Culex tarsalis_
mosquitoes increase. The activity of _Culex tarsalis_ as indicated by
trap counts is affected by many factors including the number of
mosquitoes in
the area, temperature, humidity and wind speed. In 2003, the majority
of the human cases were exposed during the first 2 weeks of August.
Source: News-Medical.Net, Fri 20 Aug 2004
<http://www.news-medical.net/?id=4208>
d) Canada: Blood Donation Testing Enhanced
Canada's blood bank is now doing more sensitive testing for WNV in
Toronto and Winnipeg after the 2 areas recorded probable human cases of
WNV infection. All units of donated blood in Canada are screened, using
a method called mini-pool testing, the standard method used by North
American blood operators.
Since Mon 2 Aug 2004, blood collected in higher-risk areas are
undergoing a more sensitive form of screening known as single-unit
testing, which is believed to be better able to detect low levels of
virus. Currently, all blood donated in places reporting human WNV
activity (Toronto, Windsor-Essex
County, Winnipeg Health Region and Southern Saskatchewan) as well as
blood collected at a range of clinics outside these areas in Ontario,
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta is undergoing single-unit testing.
So far in 2004, no West Nile virus has been detected in blood
donations; in 2003, 14 donations were found to be infected.
Source: Canadian Blood Services Aug 24 2004 press release reported on
Yahoo News, Tue 24 Aug 2004, and submitted to ProMED by Alfonso
Rodriguez, M.D. <ajrm_msds@yahoo.es>
-------------------------
[5]
MEXICO: HUMAN CASE, SONORA (BORDER WITH ARIZONA)
Date: 5 Sep 2004
Excerpted from: ProMED <promed@promedmail.org> ID 20040905.2486
Source: Boletin Informativo, Secretariat of Public Health, Government
of Mexico, No.090427, 3 Sep 2004
[in Spanish, translation by Associated Press Newswires, edited]
<http://www.salud-sonora.gob.mx/>
A woman in the northern border state of Sonora became the first Mexican
of 2004 to contract WNV.
Dr. Francisco Javier Navarro, the Health Department's director of
community services, said that the woman fell ill 6 Jul 2004 in
Etchojoa, Sonora. She was tested for dengue fever, but officials later
determined she was suffering from WN fever. After 15 days of hospital
treatment, she was released and was expected to make a full recovery at
home.
According to an epidemiology Web site maintained by the Health
Department <http://www.salud-sonora.gob.mx/>, the Etchojoa case is the
only confirmed
outbreak of West Nile in Mexico through late August [2004]. WNV had not
been detected in Mexico since August 2003. A man who visited the United
States and contracted the virus there died in Mexico in August 2002
[see ProMED posting West Nile virus, human, fatal - Mexico ex USA (02)
20020830.5190]
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