Article on West Nile Virus Control, Daily News 4-22-00

From: Lois Levitan <lcl3_at_cornell.edu>
Date: April 23 2000

<x-rich>Daily News 4/22/2000

<bold>City's Skeeter-Control Plan

Focus on baby pests,

early detection, public education

</bold>By LISA L. COLANGELO

Daily News Staff Writer

<<Picture>magine a New York summer without mosquitoes.

Nice idea. Not likely.

But if city officials have their way, New York's peskiest population
will be

slashed 90% to 95% this year.

That's the ambitious goal of the Health Department's mosquito-control
plan to

head off another outbreak of the deadly West Nile virus.

Workers will spend the next month dropping cork-size chunks of
larvicide down

the city's 130,000 catch basins.

Larvicide, which contains chemicals and natural bacteria, kills
mosquitoes

before they develop into adults. They come in briquettes, liquid, spray
or

granules.

The campaign moves to the city's parks in May, where larvicide might be

placed in ponds and other bodies of standing water.

Meanwhile, health inspectors will be on the lookout for other mosquito

breeding grounds on public and private property.

Health Commissioner Neal Cohen said the city's best efforts to wipe out

mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus to humans will be unsuccessful
if

the public isn't involved.

"Even a cup of water sitting for a few days can be a breeding site for

mosquitoes," Cohen said.

Last year, the virus killed seven people and sickened dozens. City
officials

sanctioned aerial spraying of the pesticide malathion to contain the
outbreak.

The controversial move raised the ire of environmentalists and
residents who

said the cure made more people sick than the virus.

The Giuliani administration is trying to counter the backlash with
strong

emphasis on early detection and has pledged not to use malathion while
the

Environmental Protection Agency reviews it.

The EPA is trying to determine whether the pesticide causes cancer and
other

heath risks in humans.

Cohen said larvicide compounds pose no health risk to people, since
humans

aren't exposed to catch-basin water.

One chunk of larvicide can work for up to 150 days.

Cohen recently outlined elements of the department's surveillance and
control

plan:

A public-education campaign including advertisements, fact sheets in 11

languages, television and radio commercials as well as an activity book
for

children;

Trapping mosquitoes at 75 sites throughout the city and testing them
for

traces of the virus;

Using 15 or 16 flocks of chickens at area poultry markets as
"sentinels" to

determine if they have been bitten by infected mosquitoes;

Trapping wild birds weekly to check for traces of the virus.

"This is all to give us some early warning sign whether the virus is

reappearing, even in the face of no reports of any human cases," Cohen
said.

The city also is depending on millions of tiny Gambusia affinis ÷ the

larvae-eating Western mosquitofish ÷ to prevent mosquito breeding in

wastewater-treatment plants.

The fish, which already exist at the plants, reproduce every 28 days,
and can

consume up to 230 larvae in an hour, Cohen said.

Pesticide spraying, however, still remains part of the city's plan if
there

is an outbreak.

If necessary, Cohen said, the city will use the pesticides Scourge

(resmetrin), Anvil (sumethrin) and Agrevo Permanone (permethrin). But
not

malathion.

"I think that's major news," said Laura Haight, senior environmental

association at the New York Public Interest Research Group. "There is a
lot

of good stuff in the plan. However, none of the pesticides they are
talking

about using for mosquito control is safe."

It was unclear, however, what kind of discovery would trigger the city
to

spray.

"We're not here to wait for human beings to be affected by West Nile
virus,"

Cohen said Wednesday. "We're here to take a very proactive step toward

reducing the likelihood of an outbreak, so if we see that mosquitoes
are

carrying West Nile virus, we are going to move forward and we'll use

pesticides in a very responsible way, in a very targeted way."

Original Publication Date: 04/23/2000

Daily News 4/22/2000

Larvae-Killers Loosed on Bugs

<<Picture>he New York City Health Department is spreading larvicide in
catch

basins to control the mosquito population.

Some facts on the larvicides the city is using:

Altosid (Methoprene) ÷ used for many years as a pesticide in producing
foods

like meat, milk, eggs, mushrooms, peanuts, rice and cereals.

It mimics an insect growth hormone and prevents larvae from developing
into

adult mosquitoes.

Research has shown that Altosid is not harmful to humans, but direct
contact

can cause mild eye and skin irritation.

Vectolex (Bacillus sphaericus) ÷ contains a naturally occurring
bacteria

found in soil.

The bacteria damages the gut of the mosquito larvae when they eat it.

It also can cause mild eye and skin irritation. Children and pets
should stay

away from small ponds and other places treated with Vectolex.

Vectobac (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) ÷ used since the 1950s
for

insect control, particularly for mosquitoes, black flies and fungus
gnats.

It contains a naturally occurring bacteria found in soil.

The bacteria damages the gut of the mosquito larvae when they eat it.

Direct contact can cause mild eye and skin irritation.

Original Publication Date: 04/23/2000

<<Picture>

<<Picture: Related Stories>

<<Picture>City's Skeeter-Control Plan (04/23/2000)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Lois Levitan, PhD Program Leader

Environmental Risk Analysis Program

Center for the Environment

213 Rice Hall, Cornell University

Ithaca, New York USA 14853

Phone: (607) 255-4765 Fax: (607) 255-0238

Email: LCL3@cornell.edu

Program Email: envrisk@cornell.edu

http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/risk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

</x-rich>
Received on Sun Apr 23 09:29:50 2000

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